International A Level Unit 4, May 2022

Q1 Select the factor that has driven globalisation forward over the past half-century. (higher transport costs / higher communication costs / lower tariffs and quotas / fewer trading blocs)

Q2 The Reserve Bank of India extended quantitative easing in 2021. Identify the most likely effect, ceteris paribus. (higher inflation / higher unemployment / a smaller money supply / slower growth)

Q3 136 countries agreed a 15% global minimum corporation tax in 2021. Identify which is also a measure governments may use to control transnational companies. (cutting bureaucracy costs / improving banking access / raising indirect taxes / regulating transfer pricing)

Q4 Australian tax revenue and government spending are charted across 2019 to 2021: which conclusion about the current account and fiscal balances is right?

Q5 Using a table of UK Gross National Income from 2018 to 2020, calculate the index number for 2020 with 2019 as the base year.

Q6 Afghanistan's terms of trade rose 65% between 2000 and 2019. Identify the most likely cause, ceteris paribus. (lower relative inflation / lower export prices / currency depreciation / lower import prices)

Q7(a) With Iran's GDP at $635.72 billion in 2020 and Figure 3, work out the country's national debt that year, showing workings.

Q7(b) Drawing on Figure 3, analyse two drawbacks of Iran's national debt climbing higher.

Q7(c) Explain the meaning of 'trade restrictions' as the phrase appears in Extract A's second paragraph.

Q7(d) Examine two probable economic consequences for Iran of trade restrictions the US Government reimposed, using Figures 1 and 2 plus Extract A's final paragraph.

Q7(e) Discuss what Iran's government has done strategically to drive economic development, drawing on Extract B.

Q10 For a developing economy you choose, evaluate policies to narrow income inequality, given Gini rises in Angola (0.43 to 0.51) and Bulgaria (0.34 to 0.41), 2008–2018.

Q8 For a country you select, evaluate probable macroeconomic consequences of raising the highest income tax rate, as Chile did from 35% to 40% in 2020.

Q9 Picking a developed economy, evaluate what shapes its international competitiveness, noting New Zealand's 2020 productivity sitting 40% under the advanced-economy average.