International A Level Unit 4, Oct 2023

Q1 Identify the non-economic barrier to growth and development (poor education / volatile commodity prices / capital flight / corruption).

Q2 Deduce what the UK's below-average labour productivity in 2021 implies about how it competes with trading partners.

Q3 Identify the likely result of the Bank of Japan raising banks' liquidity requirements in 2020 (money supply / output / inflation / unemployment).

Q4 Deduce what Georgia's falling Gini coefficient between 2017 and 2020 shows about how income is shared.

Q5 Identify the true statement about absolute poverty, given Madagascar's 71% rate in 2022.

Q6 Identify the area showing state spending on an Indonesian rice buffer stock once harvests rose.

Q7(a) Work out Pakistan's 2021 debt servicing payment as a share of its national debt.

Q7(b) Explain what a foreign currency gap means, as the term is used in the Pakistan extract.

Q7(c) Examine two likely consequences of the rupee weakening against the dollar in the first half of 2022.

Q7(d) Analyse two functions the IMF performs, drawing on its lending to Pakistan.

Q7(e) Discuss the macroeconomic results for Pakistan of taxing its richest households more heavily.

Q10 Evaluate the gains a developed economy may draw from inward foreign direct investment, as in the USA and Australia.

Q8 Evaluate what can make a country's terms of trade deteriorate, as happened to Gibraltar and Greece after 2000.

Q9 Evaluate whether a structural budget shortfall matters more than a cyclical one, citing Brazil and Suriname.