International A Level Unit 4A, May 2025

Q1 Pick what the Lewis two-sector model accounts for (privatisation, industrialisation, microfinance, primary industry growth).

Q2 Deduce the likely outcome for Saudi Arabia, half of whose 2023 GDP was energy exports, if world oil and gas prices drop.

Q3 Deduce what it implies that Zambia's Lorenz curve shifted towards the equality line between 2015 and 2022.

Q4 Work out Australia's terms of trade index for September 2024 from the year's export and import price falls.

Q5 Pick the true statement about what the Laffer curve drawn for a rich economy plots.

Q6 Deduce what can be said from 2022 HDI, schooling, life expectancy and income figures for Thailand and Malaysia.

Q7(a) Work out the percentage change in Argentina's inflation rate from December 2023 to September 2024 using the CPI chart.

Q7(b) Examine how the peso's slide against the dollar is likely to hit Argentina's current account balance and its capital and financial flows.

Q7(c) Analyse two ways Argentina's central bank could stop the peso falling further, using the peso-dollar chart.

Q7(d) Say what absolute poverty means, as used of the 53% of Argentinians in it by mid-2024.

Q7(e) Discuss what Argentina's cut in state spending from 38% to 32% of GDP is likely to do to its economy.

Q10 Assess the drawbacks when government debt climbs, as Iraq's did to 49.2% of GDP by 2023.

Q8 Assess how the rest of the world is affected by China's growth slowing to 5% in 2024.

Q9 Assess the gains from far more people moving into the EU, arrivals from outside it having doubled by 2022.