Government intervention

Q8 Evaluate microeconomic outcomes from spending more on education, taking the 2023 plan for maths study in England until age 18.

Q2 Deduce what raising Thailand's capped domestic air fare by 3.75% does to the shortage in that market.

Q8 Assess, with diagrams, state action to shield workers and suppliers in a chosen market, prompted by West African cocoa farmers.

Q13 Evaluate the advantages of tradeable pollution permits, given South Korea's scheme covering 70% of its businesses.

Q14 Evaluate the microeconomic gains from spending more per head on education in rich and poor countries.

Q2 Deduce what follows in Ireland's milk market if a guaranteed floor price is set above the equilibrium.

Q9 Evaluate steps a government could take to raise competition and contestability, given Indonesia's small-business loan scheme.

Q11 Explain, with a supply and demand diagram, what Canada's 2.2% rise in the milk price floor does to surplus milk.

Q3 Deduce how a Philippine price ceiling of 41 pesos a kilo for rice affects growers.

Q4(a) Give one reason a ceiling price applies to undergraduate degrees, as with England's £9 250 tuition fee cap.

Q6(e) Drawing on Extract D, discuss the forms of government intervention available for cutting electronic waste.

Q6(g) Evaluate state interventions capable of tackling the market failure that plastic waste creates; include a diagram.

Q2 Work out the effect of the UK issuing more airline pollution permits in 2021 than airlines actually needed.

Q7 Sketch a rent ceiling placed on Brisbane's rental housing market after weekly rents jumped 14.6% in 2022.

Q8 Evaluate, with diagrams, government policies for curbing monopolies, prompted by the US inquiry into Google.

Q4 Identify the area showing what India's government pays when it buys up surplus wheat at a guaranteed floor price.

Q7(e) Discuss whether state support for Bangladeshi SMEs is likely to make them more productively efficient.

Q12(a) Define what a tradeable pollution permit scheme is, as referred to in the fertiliser extract.

Q13 Evaluate the microeconomic consequences of raising a price ceiling on household electricity, as the UK did in late 2022.

Q7(b) Analyse two developments that sent Chinese electric vehicle sales surging, shown on a diagram of demand and supply.

Q8 Evaluate the measures a state might use to regulate a monopoly supplier such as Pakistan's telecoms provider, with diagrams.

Q1(a) Calculate the percentage rise in Ofgem's cap on a typical household's annual energy bill, which moved from £1 277 up to £1 971.

Q1(b) On a demand and supply diagram for household energy, mark where the old and the revised price ceilings sit.

Q4(c) Using a sugary drinks demand and supply diagram, state which area shows how producer surplus alters under a minimum price.

Q6(f) Evaluate ways the state might intervene to cut the environmental harm that watching television content generates.

Q7 Evaluate ways the UK government could hold down household energy bills after the 80% rise in the average bill during 2021–22.

Q13 Evaluate policies Turkey's government could adopt to cut road congestion, given worsening delays for Bursa commuters.

Q14 Evaluate government measures that could soften the effects of sharply rising world commodity prices.

Q9 Evaluate what happens when a profit-maximising monopoly is taken into state ownership, as with EDF in France.

Q13 Assess two ways to cut consumers' energy bills, with a diagram, as eurozone prices rose 28.6% and Germany, Spain and France tried subsidies, tax cuts and a price cap.

Q7 Sketch the effect of setting Myanmar's rice floor at 270 000 kyats a tonne when the market clears at 250 000.

Q7(e) Discuss, with a cost and revenue diagram, how a raised energy price cap affects suppliers and consumers alike, citing Extracts A and B.

Q2(a) Define the term 'minimum price' (context: the EU Common Agricultural Policy).

Q2(b) On a demand and supply diagram for EU wheat, identify the area representing the amount spent on intervention buying to achieve a price of P2.

Q3(b) Pick the most probable consequence of the £180 000 fine levied on the water company (more market failure / higher profits / lower external costs / less government failure).

Q6(g) Setting Total Allowable Catches aside, evaluate other policies for tackling the market failure over-fishing causes; include at least one diagram.

Q13 Evaluate what a price ceiling does to Sri Lanka's white rice market (context: November 2020's Rs80 per kilogram cap, set under the prevailing price).

Q5 Following January 2021's creation of a UK construction products regulator, pick the factor that weakens state intervention in housing. (perfect resource mobility / a flexible labour market / perfect knowledge / regulatory capture)

Q9 Evaluate ways a state might stimulate market competition, set against Singapore's S$100 000 tax break for firms in their first three years; diagrams needed.

Q5 Choose the likeliest explanation for EU carbon permits climbing from under EUR5 in 2013 to EUR25 six years later.

Q7 Show diagrammatically what happens once Indian milk gets an Rs30 per litre price floor while equilibrium sits at Rs20.

Q9 Assess, with suitable diagrams, how governments can curb monopoly power, given New Zealand's 2019 water price cap squeezed the profits needed for investment.

Q1(e) Evaluate what follows, at micro and macro level, when government steps further into an industry such as hand car washes or one of your choosing.

Q5 With kits for infection testing in Odisha, India held to a price ceiling, determine what the diagram reveals about excess demand or supply, contractions and extensions.

Q8 Evaluate whether consumers gain from privatisation, with diagrams (context: India's 2019 proposal to sell off as many as 25 airports).

Q5 From a diagram showing a planned price floor on Indian mobile data, state the outcome: excess supply, excess demand, supply contraction or demand extension.

Q5 Angola announced the privatisation of three state-owned textile factories in March 2020. Identify the most likely effect. (less X-inefficiency / lower productive efficiency / less consumer choice / less share ownership)

Q7(d) Using Extract C, analyse two grounds on which the European Competition Commission refused the Tata Steel/Thyssenkrupp merger.

Q5(b) Explain a probable microeconomic justification for funding HS2 out of taxpayers' money.

Q6(g) Evaluate how far state intervention can genuinely remedy market failure in the education sector.

Q1(c) Discuss how far measures aimed at curbing single-use plastic bag use would succeed in cities like Istanbul.

Q7 Sketch a diagram showing what happens once Romania's gas market is capped at a price beneath equilibrium.

Q9 South Carolina has proposed barring energy drink sales to under-18s; explain one probable effect of such a rule.

Q7(b) Drawing on Extract B, explain the meaning carried by the term privatisation.

Q7(c) Using Extract B, examine two consequences that deregulation together with privatisation would probably bring about.

Q14 Evaluate the effectiveness of tradeable pollution permits in reducing pollution (context: the EU emissions trading scheme).

Q1 Since 2014 Irish bus routes have been opened to private bidders: name the concept — competitive tendering, regulation, trade liberalisation or government failure?

Q7 Sketch a diagram showing what happens when the UK caps annual university tuition fees at £6 000 rather than £9 250.

Q6(d) Work out yearly income from a £12 GP appointment fee when 450 million visits occur and nine in ten pay nothing.

Q6(e) Discuss the ways governments can step in to safeguard customers in utility markets such as energy and telecoms.

Q6(f) Evaluate measures the state might take to relieve excess demand for publicly funded health care.

Q1(d) Evaluate, at micro and macro level, the consequences of the UK state spending more on educating people about healthy eating.

Q14 Evaluate what capping gas and electricity prices would achieve, given 12 million UK households were on standard variable tariffs costing £1 166 while the cheapest deal was £935.

Q2 China introduced a carbon emissions trading scheme. Identify how a tradeable pollution permit scheme reduces emissions.

Q12(e) Extract C reports a lower guaranteed minimum price for cocoa: discuss the consequences, supporting your answer with a suitable diagram.

Q3(b) Set out one reason the government might fund dental treatment through the NHS.

Q6(e) Discuss how an energy price ceiling would affect suppliers and households at the micro level, using a supply and demand diagram.

Q6(g) Evaluate policy tools a government might deploy to cut carbon emissions, backing the answer with at least one diagram.

Q4(b) Choose which listed measure would most likely push carbon emissions up (tradable pollution permits / closing steel plants / subsidies for cleaner technology / cutting indirect taxes on steel).

Q5(a) Explain how a tuition fee cap cut from £9 000 to £6 000 could leave university places in excess demand.

Q6(c) Examine what policies a government could deploy to curb supermarkets' monopsony power.

Q6(g) Evaluate how state intervention in the market for cigarettes has worked out.

Q2(b) Using a diagram of the market for nursery school places, identify the measure a government could introduce to achieve the social optimum level of consumption.

Q3(b) Explain a single policy Kenya's government might adopt to limit the damage done by drawing water out of Lake Naivasha.

Q6(b) Drawing on Extract A, assess what the Help to Buy scheme has probably done to the UK rental property market.

Q6(f) Evaluate the microeconomic consequences, favourable and otherwise, of government intervening in the UK housing market.