Economies of scale

Q1 Pick the internal scale saving open to Integris, the UK management services firm formed by merger in 2021.

Q7(c) Analyse two gains drug makers get from industry-wide cost savings in Ireland's pharmaceutical cluster.

Q6(c) Assess the extent to which firms making electronic components genuinely gain from economies of scale.

Q1 Identify what technical economies of scale do to costs, as credited by Toyota's chief executive.

Q10 Evaluate how the scale of a firm affects its efficiency, using Nestlé as the example, with diagrams.

Q2 Deduce what must hold as output expands along the falling stretch of a firm's long-run average cost curve.

Q7(c) Explain the meaning of economies of scale, drawing on the extract about smartphone production in India.

Q5(b) Set out one internal economy of scale the merged Fiat–Vauxhall business could gain.

Q7(e) Discuss what Tata Steel and Thyssenkrupp stood to gain from horizontal integration, using Extracts A and B, your own knowledge and a diagram.

Q4 Using a long-run average cost curve, identify what must be true as output rises between two points. (diminishing returns / economies of scale / diseconomies of scale / falling total costs)

Q7(b) Explain what specialisation means as an economic idea, drawing your evidence from Extracts A and B.