Inequality

Q6 Deduce what Uruguay's Gini figures from 2017 to 2021 imply for its Lorenz curve.

Q3 Deduce what it implies that Zambia's Lorenz curve shifted towards the equality line between 2015 and 2022.

Q8 Evaluate non-tax policies for narrowing income gaps, given rising Gini figures in Denmark and Sweden.

Q9 Evaluate why a more connected world economy can widen income gaps within a country, as in Indonesia since 2000.

Q6 Deduce what the Dominican Republic's Gini coefficient from 2018 to 2021 shows about income distribution.

Q8 Evaluate why income gaps widened in a developed country, as seen in Sweden and the USA since 2007.

Q4 Deduce what Georgia's falling Gini coefficient between 2017 and 2020 shows about how income is shared.

Q1(d) Evaluate the range of microeconomic and macroeconomic measures available for narrowing inequality across the UK.

Q10 Evaluate the causes of widening income inequality in a chosen country, given Gini rises in Sweden and Indonesia.

Q4 Lorenz curves for 2010 and 2020 have moved; choose the likeliest explanation (lower transfer payments / lower unemployment / a higher minimum wage / more training spending).

Q3 Between 2018 and 2019 Peru's Lorenz curve shifted towards the line of perfect equality; what follows? (a lower Gini coefficient / the Marshall-Lerner condition unmet / higher unemployment / lower progressive tax rates)

Q6(a) Explain, with a Lorenz curve and reference to Extract A, how the Gini coefficient captures income inequality.

Q6(b) Examine two probable sources of UK income inequality, using Figure 1 and Extract A, which show gross disposable household income per head by region.

Q10 For a developing economy you choose, evaluate policies to narrow income inequality, given Gini rises in Angola (0.43 to 0.51) and Bulgaria (0.34 to 0.41), 2008–2018.

Q7(c) Explain the term 'the Gini coefficient' as it is used in Extract A's fourth paragraph.

Q2 Armenia's Gini coefficient rose 0.28 (2009) to 0.34 (2017): which cuts income inequality most? (cutting the minimum wage / stronger education and training / lighter progressive taxation / heavier regressive taxation)

Q4 UK CPI inflation is charted alongside nominal pay growth over 2008 to 2018; state what this shows about deflation, disinflation and real pay growth.

Q7(a) From Extract A's second paragraph, calculate and show workings for the 2000 global wealth share of high-income advanced plus middle-income developing economies.

Q7(b) Analyse what the global Gini coefficient's movement over 2000 to 2014 implies for inequality, using Figure 1 and a Lorenz curve diagram.

Q7(d) Examine, using Extract A, two forces that generate income inequality inside advanced economies.

Q8 Evaluate why income and wealth gaps open up in economies like Brazil, whose income Gini is 0.449 and which ranks second globally for wealth inequality.

Q2 Two countries are compared by Lorenz curves: which statement holds about how evenly income is distributed, the Gini coefficient, tax rates and GDP per capita?

Q5(a) Set out how income differs from wealth as economic concepts.

Q5(b) Give one explanation for the widening of wealth inequality worldwide.

Q5(c) Pick the increase most likely to lower a nation's Gini coefficient (tariffs / progressive taxation / regressive taxation / VAT).

Q1(b) Examine two sources of income inequality in a developed country like the UK, setting aside indirect tax and subsidy changes.

Q6(d) Assess the claim in Extract B that a degree of inequality is needed to keep incentives working in an economy.

Q4(a) Give one reason UK income inequality has moved the way it has since 2007.

Q4(b) Under perfect income equality, which Gini coefficient value applies? (0 / 0.5 / 1 / 50:50)