International competitiveness

Q3 Deduce what follows from Romanian output per worker growing faster than in its main trading partners in 2022.

Q9 Evaluate what falling productivity does to a country, as Canada saw a 9% drop since 2000.

Q7(d) Analyse how shifting monthly pay for Vietnamese factory workers since 2012 affects the country's competitiveness abroad.

Q7(e) Discuss steps other than attracting foreign investment that Vietnam's government could take to compete better internationally.

Q7(c) Examine two steps the Greek government could take to become more competitive internationally.

Q2 Deduce what the UK's below-average labour productivity in 2021 implies about how it competes with trading partners.

Q7 Evaluate which macroeconomic policies might strengthen UK export competitiveness, given a 14% fall in exports since 2020 and a slide to 23rd worldwide.

Q3 Identify the measure most likely to improve South Korea's competitiveness after its 2022 ranking slipped.

Q6 France slipped from 31st to 32nd on the Global Competitiveness Index on falling labour productivity; identify the most likely combination of effects on unit labour costs and export prices.

Q9 Picking a developed economy, evaluate what shapes its international competitiveness, noting New Zealand's 2020 productivity sitting 40% under the advanced-economy average.

Q3 Denmark's competitiveness rank rose six places in 2020. Identify the most likely reason. (higher relative unit labour costs / higher relative transport costs / higher relative labour productivity / higher relative inflation)

Q6 The Netherlands rose from sixth to fourth on the Global Competitiveness Index on higher labour productivity. Identify the most likely combination of effects on unit labour costs and export prices.

Q8 For one developed economy you select, evaluate policies that could boost its international competitiveness (context: Belgium slipping four competitiveness places, 2015–2019).

Q5 India's international competitiveness rank fell 10 places in 2019. Identify the most likely reason. (lower relative inflation / lower relative unit labour costs / lower relative labour productivity / lower relative transport costs)

Q2(d) Evaluate micro and macro policy options for raising the competitiveness of the UK economy.

Q3 Finland slipped six places on the Global Competitiveness Index from 2015 to 2018: which policy would best restore its competitiveness? (less infrastructure spending / stricter labour regulation / better education and training / more trade restrictions)

Q3(a) From the European unit labour cost figures, give one reason why Estonia's climbed more quickly than those of its neighbours.

Q3(b) Set out the consequences for Estonian competitiveness when unit labour costs move higher.

Q3(c) State by how much Austrian unit labour costs grew from 2010 to 2017, given a 2017 index reading of 113 (2010 = 100).

Q2(d) Evaluate which micro and macro forces shape how internationally competitive the UK is.