National income

Q9 Work out how much Nepal's total output changed from its population and output per head in 2013 and 2023.

Q3 Work out the ratio between Qatar's 2020 and 2022 gross national income, given $141.37bn and $229.01bn.

Q12(b) Explain what Gross National Income measures, as referred to in the Ireland extract.

Q12(e) Discuss the drawbacks of relying on GDP when comparing living standards across countries, using the Ireland data.

Q3 Work out Bahrain's 2022 output per head from its $44 billion GDP and 1.5 million people.

Q12(a) Define real GDP, the measure used in the figure on Chinese quarterly growth.

Q12(d) Examine how India's heavier spending on imported oil is likely to affect its real output.

Q6 Deduce what Chinese output and population figures for 2011 and 2021 show about income per head.

Q4 Using a chart of Ireland's real GDP per capita from 2014 to 2020, identify the most likely effect of the change. (higher living standards / higher unemployment / lower consumer confidence / lower purchasing power)

Q6 From Qatar's 2018-2020 Gross National Income table, work out how 2018 GNI compares as a ratio with the 2020 figure.

Q9 Work out, with workings shown, how Bulgaria's GDP shifted between 2015 and 2020 from the table of population and GDP per capita.

Q13 Evaluate how far GDP figures fall short when comparing living standards across countries (context: nominal GDP in 2020 of $6bn in Guyana, $270bn in Finland, $14 723bn in China).

Q9 Work out how Angola's population changed, showing workings, from the table of its nominal GDP alongside GDP per capita for 2019 and 2020.

Q1 Identify what Purchasing Power Parity actually compares (living standards and real income / a basket of similar goods and services / inflation over successive years / one currency priced against the US dollar)

Q9 Using a table of Argentina's nominal GDP and population in 2018 and 2019, calculate the change in GDP per capita, showing workings.

Q6 From the 2019 table of GDP and population covering India and Pakistan, compute GDP per capita and pick the right value.

Q12(a) State what Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) means, as the measure is used in Figure 1.

Q12(b) Using Figure 1, distinguish GDP per capita from GNI per capita.

Q11 From the table showing India's nominal GDP alongside population for 2012 and 2017, work out how GDP per capita shifted in US$; show your workings.

Q11 Using the US GDP and population data for 2016 and 2017, work out how GDP per head changed, showing workings.

Q1(a) State what is meant by national income (2-mark definition).