Promoting growth & development

Q1 Pick what the Lewis two-sector model accounts for (privatisation, industrialisation, microfinance, primary industry growth).

Q1 Identify a strategy that could raise development in Chad, whose HDI score stands at 0.39.

Q7(c) Analyse two functions the IMF performs, drawing on its $3 billion bailout of Ghana.

Q2 Classify Ghana's 2023 scrapping of payments to fuel producers (interventionist / reflationary / deflationary / market-based).

Q5 Identify what the world's 10 million non-government organisations mainly do (lending / community development / exchange rates / trade rules).

Q7(c) Examine two economic gains Vietnam is likely to get from inward foreign investment, using the sources-of-FDI chart.

Q1 Identify what the World Bank mainly does, from four descriptions of international institutions.

Q7(e) Discuss free-market strategies Indonesia's government could use to raise its growth rate.

Q10 Evaluate market-led strategies a developing country might use to lift development, given South Sudan's falling HDI.

Q6 Identify the area showing state spending on an Indonesian rice buffer stock once harvests rose.

Q7(d) Analyse two functions the IMF performs, drawing on its lending to Pakistan.

Q7(c) Examine two economic gains for Southeast Asian countries from the rebound in tourist arrivals.

Q9 Evaluate how bodies such as the IMF and World Bank help poorer countries develop.

Q10 For a developing country you choose, evaluate interventionist routes to faster development, given Libya's HDI at 0.80 in 2010 and 0.72 in 2019.

Q1 Mali had an HDI of 0.43 in 2022. Identify the interventionist strategy that could stimulate its development. (promoting FDI / developing human capital / removing subsidies / privatisation)

Q7(e) Drawing on Extract C, discuss what Japan's Government might do to lift long-term economic growth.

Q8 Evaluate how far joint ventures linking local firms with transnational companies help a developing country develop (context: such tie-ups rose sharply in 2021).

Q7(e) Discuss what Iran's government has done strategically to drive economic development, drawing on Extract B.

Q2 South Korean manufacturing rose from 17% to 25% of GDP between 1969 and 2019. Identify the theory suggesting industrialisation promotes growth and development. (Prebisch-Singer / Marshall-Lerner / Harrod-Domar / Lewis dual-sector)

Q3 Niger has an HDI of 0.35. Identify which market-orientated strategy could promote its development. (buffer stock schemes / state investment in human capital / state investment in infrastructure / microfinance schemes)

Q9 Taking any developing economy, evaluate debt relief as a route to development (context: average servicing costs on developing-country external debt up more than 60%, 2014–2018).

Q9 Yemen took over $3 billion in development aid during 2017, nearly 200% above 2013: evaluate aid as a route to development for a chosen developing country.

Q7(e) Drawing on Extract B, discuss the policies a government might adopt to keep private sector expansion going.